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BlackJapan:日本黑(一种含有沥青质的涂金属用的黑色快干油漆)
在维基上有关BlackJapan的定义:
JapanBlackisthenameofalacquerorvarnishusedformetal,particularlyiron.Becauseofitshighbitumencontentthecoatingprovidedaprotectivefinishthatwasrelativelydurableanddriedquickly.Thesefeaturesallowedfortheextensiveuseintheproductionofautomobilesintheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStates.ItisalsocalledBrunswickblackandJapanlacquer.
JapanBlackconsistedmostlyofasphalticbasedissolvedinnaphthaorturpentine,sometimeswithothervarnishingredients.Itisapplieddirectlytometalparts,andthenbakedatabout200°C(400°F)foruptoanhour.[1]JapanBlack'spopularitywasdueinparttoitsdurabilityasanautomotivefinish.HoweveritwastheabilityofJapanBlacktodryquicklythatmadeitafavoriteofearlymassproducedautomobilessuchasHenryFord’sModelT.Ford’srelianceonJapanBlackledtothequipthattheModelTwas“availableinanycolor,solongasitwasblack.”
FordusedtwoformulationsofJapanBlack,F-101andF-102(renamedtoM-101andM-102afterMarch151922).F-101,the"FirstCoatBlackElasticJapan",wasusedasthebasiccoatapplieddirectlytothemetal,whileF-102,"FinishCoatElasticBlackJapan",wasappliedoverthefirstlayer.Theircompositionsweresimilar:25-35%asphaltand10%linseedoilwithleadandironbaseddryers,dissolvedin55%thinners(mineralspirits,turpentinesubstituteornaphtha).TheF-101alsohad1-3%ofcarbonblackaddedasapigment.TheasphaltusedintheFordformulationswasspecifiedtobeGilsonite;itischeap,actsasacuringagentfortheoil,yieldsglossydarksurface,andincreasestheplasticityofthepaintlayer,makingitlesspronetocrackingandpeelingwhensubjectedtovibrationsanddeformation.[2]
Whileothercolorswereavailableforautomotivefinishes,earlycoloredvariantsofautomotivelacquerscouldtakeupto14daystocure,whereasJapanBlackwouldcurein48hoursorless.Thusvariouslycoloredpre-1925carbodieswereusuallyconsignedtospecialorders,orcustombodiedluxuryautomobiles.
Thedevelopmentofquickdryingnitrocelluloselacquers(pyroxylins)whichcouldbecoloredtosuittheneedsofthebuyingpublicinthe1920sleadtothedisuseofJapanBlackbytheendofthe1920s.In1924,GeneralMotorsintroduced"TrueBlue"Duco(aproductofDuPont)nitrocelluloselacqueronits1925modelOaklandautomobilemarqueproducts |
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